Check if port 1883 is open
On the server, see what is listening:
sudo ss -tulpn | grep ':1883 '
From another machine, test reachability:
nc -zv your-server.example.com 1883
Block port 1883 from the internet
With UFW (Ubuntu/Debian):
sudo ufw deny 1883
With firewalld (RHEL/AlmaLinux/Rocky):
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-port=1883/tcp && sudo firewall-cmd --reload